B原子浓度对非晶态Ni—Si—B系合金电阻应变系数的影响

通过Ｎｉ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ系非晶合金电阻随拉应变变化特性曲线的测定，考察了Ｂ原子浓度对非晶Ｎｉ７２－ｘＳｉ１５Ｂ１３＋ｘ（ｘ＝０，２，４，６，８）合金电阻应变系数的影响，并采用Ｎａｇｅｌ推广的液态金属Ｚｉｍａｎ理论对其实验结果进行了初步的解释．     

谷氨酰胺的抗疲劳生化机制研究

用两批各 48只小鼠分 4组 (n =12 )每天分别灌喂生理盐水和 3 4mmol·kg-1的谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸和天冬酰胺 ,连续 10d。结果显示 ,三者都可提高小鼠血清、肝和骨骼肌中的肌酸磷酸激酶活性 ,降低乳酸脱氢酶活性 ,并显著增加肝、骨骼肌糖原积累。其中有相同碳架结构的谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸能极显著提高小鼠的游泳耐力 ,但与谷氨酰胺有相等酰胺氮的天冬酰胺作用不强。结果提示 ,谷氨酰胺提高机体抗疲劳作用与其碳架结构有关     

不同草种草坪蒸散量及各草种抗旱性的研究

对草地早熟禾（午夜）、高羊茅（交战2号）、多年生黑麦草（百客来）、狗牙根（普通型）及结缕草（青岛结缕草）等5种常见草坪草草坪的蒸散量及各草种的抗旱性进行了对比试验研究，发现在土壤水分充足时，冷地型草草坪的蒸散量显著比暖地型草草坪的高（P＜0.01）；3种冷地型草草坪间的差异较小；狗牙根草坪的蒸散量显著比结缕草草坪的高（P＜0.01）。在水分胁迫条件下，暖地型草的抗干旱胁迫能力明显比3种冷地型草坪草的高。黑麦草与高羊茅的耗水量大，土壤含水量变幅大，土壤水吸力值高，叶片相对含水量及水热下降快，萎蔫早，保水性比草地早熟禾的差；在开始萎蔫时高羊茅根系的吸水能力更强，说明它具有更高的抗干旱胁迫能力。     

高粱抗蚜品种叶片化学物质含量的分析

以高粱叶片为试材，对高粱叶片的化学物质进行分析，结果表明：高粱叶片中的可溶性总氮、可溶性糖和游离氨基酸，特别是必需氨基酸，在感蚜品种中的含量显著比抗蚜品种的含量高，且感蚜品种叶液偏酸，抗蚜品种近中性。     

复合阻燃剂对思茅松胶合板性能的影响

选用5种磷-氮-硼复合体系阻燃剂对思茅松单板进行真空加压处理,用于制备阻燃胶合板,测试思茅松阻燃胶合板的胶合强度、燃烧性能、吸湿性和抗流失性.结果表明:当阻燃剂载药率为10%时,阻燃胶合板的胶合强度均≥1.15 MPa,超过Ⅱ类胶合板标准0.8 MPa;极限氧指数值均>38%,达到日本JIS难燃一级指标要求.当载药率为15%时,FR-a,FR-b和FR-c 3种阻燃剂处理的阻燃胶合板的极限氧指数值为53%~59%.5种阻燃剂中,FR-a会显著增加木材的吸湿性,其他阻燃剂对吸湿性影响不大.与阻燃剂的水溶性相对应,FR-a和FR-b抗流失性较差,FR-d和FR-e具有优良的抗流失性,FR-c则有一定的抗流失性.5种阻燃剂相比较,FR-c的综合性能最优.     

Analysis of the Resistance Gene Analogue for Rice Cultivars in Yunnan Province

Genetic diversity of commercial and local rice cultivars in Yunnan Province was studied using the resistance gene analogue (RGA) based on resistance gene conserved sequences. The RGA analysis of 137cultivars was conducted by PCR amplification using three primers, i.e. S1/AS3, XLRR for/XLRR rev, and Pto-kin1/Pto-kin2, respectively. The results showed that both Indica and Japonica cultivars were genetically highly diverse. All cultivars were divided into 3 lineages according to the DNA band data at 96% dissimilarity,and into 20 lineages at 60% dissimilarity. The lineages were related to their genetic background and blast disease resistance with only a few exceptions. The RGA data can be useful in rice production by mixed-planting of different cultivars in the field and breeding of resistance cultivars by selecting different parental cultivars with great genetic diversity.     

鸡球虫耐药性的研究进展

长期以来，人们对鸡球虫病的防治以药物控制为主要手段，但是大量抗球虫药的长期使用，导致了鸡球虫耐药性的产生，给鸡球虫病的防治带来严重的障碍，通过对鸡球虫耐药性的产生、作用机理、主要特点、耐药性的检测方法、球虫耐药性虫株的诱导以及对耐药性虫株敏感性的恢复等方面的研究，进一步提出对鸡球虫耐药性的展望，为消除球虫的耐药性，更好地防治鸡球虫病提供科学依据。     

耐氟喹诺酮类药物大肠埃希氏菌基因突变的MAMA-PCR检测

采用MAMA-PCR法对72株已知突变菌株的突变情况进行了检测。结果，有2种gyrA83位突变：TCG→TTG和TCG缺失；4种gyrA87位突变：GAC→AAC、GAC→GGC、GAC→TAC和GAC→CAC；1种parC80位突变：AGC→ATC以及4种parC84位突变：GAA→AAA、GAA→GCA、GAA→GGA和GAA→GTA。采用同样的方法，对38株未知突变菌株的检测结果显示，gyrA83、gyrA87、parC 80和parC84位的突变检出的正确率分别为97．4％、94．7％、81．6％和94．7％。结果表明，MAMA-PCR有望成为监测耐氟喹诺酮类药物大肠埃希氏菌的分子生物学常规方法。     

养殖废弃物生物有机肥对辣椒抗寒性的影响

以辣椒超越五号为试材,研究了低温胁迫下施用养殖废弃物生物有机肥对辣椒抗寒性的影响。试验结果表明,与无机肥料(复合肥)相比,施用生物有机肥料之后,辣椒叶片电解质渗透率、丙二醛含量显著降低,施用量越大,下降幅度也越大;脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量明显升高,与此同时叶片中的过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性也明显高于无机肥料处理,在适宜的施肥量范围内,肥料施用量越大,酶活性上升幅度也越大。经低温胁迫后,各指标的变化有明显的差异,说明辣椒抗寒性需要结合多个指标进行综合评价。     

Effects of Vegetation Stems on Hydraulics of Overland Flow Under Varying Water Discharges

Vegetation plays an important role in soil erosion control, but few studies have been performed to quantify the effects of vegetation stems on hydraulics of overland flow. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effects of vegetation stems on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow velocity and hydraulic resistance of silt‐laden overland flow. Cylinders with diameter D of 2·0, 3·2 and 4·0 × 10⁻² m were glued onto the flume bed to simulate the vegetation stems, and a bare slope was used as control. The flow discharge varied from 0·5 to 1·5 × 10⁻³ m³ s⁻¹ and slope gradient was 9°. Results showed that Reynolds number on vegetated slope was significantly higher than that on bare slope because of the effect of vegetation stems on effective flow width. All the flows were supercritical flow, but Froude number decreased as D increased, implying a decrease in runoff ability to carry sediment. The mean flow velocity also decreased with D, while the velocity profile became steeper, and no significant differences were found in surface flow velocities among longitudinal sections on all slopes. Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient increased with D, implying that the energy consumption of overland flow on hydraulic resistance increased. Reynolds number was not a unique predictor of hydraulic roughness on vegetated slopes. The total resistance on vegetated slopes was partitioned into grain resistance and vegetation resistance, and vegetation resistance accounted for almost 80% of the total resistance and was the dominant roughness element. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under controlled conditions to actual overland flow conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.